The short version of research chemical fits in a sentence. The long version — which is the one that helps — is below.
This page was last updated on 2025-09-01 and is reviewed periodically as new material appears.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is not an approved medicine and has no established human therapeutic use. The compound appears in scientific literature as a tool for probing circadian and metabolic regulation. Online sellers often label it as a research chemical, sometimes using the nickname Stenabolic. Its chemical identity is distinct from selective androgen receptor modulators, stimulants, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonists. Researchers use it mainly in cell and animal experiments.
At the molecular level, SR9009 binds REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ and alters their repressive activity on target genes. These nuclear receptors help regulate the circadian clock, lipid synthesis, glucose metabolism, and inflammatory pathways. By changing transcription, the compound can shift the timing or magnitude of downstream metabolic processes in model systems. It does not act through androgen receptors or adenosine receptors, which distinguishes it from several substances sold for athletic performance. Whether the same transcriptional changes occur in humans at tolerable exposures remains an open question because controlled human studies are lacking.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of REV-ERB nuclear receptors. REV-ERB alpha and REV-ERB beta help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In laboratory research, SR9009 has been used to probe how these receptors affect skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. The compound was identified in academic drug-discovery work and is often described in scientific literature by its chemical name and research code. It is not an approved medicine, and human clinical data remain limited or absent.
SR9009 binds REV-ERB receptors and alters their repressive activity on target genes. This action can change transcription of genes involved in lipid handling, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function. In rodent studies, treated animals have shown changes in muscle oxidative capacity and exercise performance, though effects vary by dose, duration, and model. The precise molecular steps connecting receptor binding to whole-body outcomes are still an active area of investigation. Findings in animals do not automatically translate to humans.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C20H24ClN3O4S | Derived from published structure. |
| Molecular weight | 437.94 g/mol | Calculated value. |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid | Typical for purified research samples. |
| Solubility | DMSO, ethanol; low in water | Class: poorly water-soluble. |
| Typical storage | -20 °C, desiccated, protected from light | Limits degradation. |
Laboratory samples of SR9009 are typically supplied as a white to off-white powder. The compound dissolves readily in organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol, while its solubility in water is low. Because of this solubility profile, researchers often prepare concentrated stock solutions in an organic solvent before diluting them into aqueous assay buffers. Light exposure, moisture, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles can degrade many small molecules, so handling procedures usually aim to minimize these factors. Purity is commonly checked before use.
Storage conditions for research-grade SR9009 generally involve a freezer at approximately minus twenty degrees Celsius, sometimes lower for long-term preservation. Containers should remain tightly closed and protected from light. Desiccants may be used to limit moisture uptake. Solutions are often stored in aliquots to avoid repeated warming and cooling. Stability data for the compound under various conditions are limited, so laboratories typically follow supplier recommendations and verify performance through periodic analytical checks rather than assuming indefinite stability.
Analytical methods for SR9009 typically rely on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The technique can separate the parent compound from related substances and detect low concentrations in biological matrices. Urine and blood are common samples in anti-doping testing, while in vitro studies may use cell culture media. Rapid metabolism and low expected concentrations make method validation important for reliable identification. Exact metabolite patterns can vary by species and are not fully mapped.
Regulatory treatment of SR9009 reflects its investigational status. The compound has no approved human therapeutic indication, and sports authorities prohibit its use. It appears on anti-doping lists as a non-approved substance or metabolic modulator, depending on the list version. Products sold online as research chemicals are not quality-controlled medicines, so their identity and purity can differ from the label. Such products may also contain unlisted compounds, which complicates both testing and safety assessment.
1. Prenatal genetics Couples at risk of having a child with a genetic disorder preconception or while pregnant High risk prenatal screening results Abnormal fetal ultrasound 2. Pediatric genetics Birth defects developmental delay, autism, epilepsy short stature and skeletal dysplasia 3. Adult genetics cardiomyopathy and cardiac dysrhythmias inherited kidney disease dementia and neurodegeneration connective tissue disease 4. Cancer genetics breast/ovarian cancer bowel cancer endocrine tumors Examples of genetic syndromes that are commonly seen in the genetics clinic include chromosomal rearrangements (e.g. Down syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Turner syndrome, Williams syndrome), Fragile X syndrome, Marfan syndrome, neurofibromatosis, Huntington disease, familial adenomatous polyposis, and many more.
==== Monazite compositional mapping ==== Monazite grains which show useful relationships with microtextures or host minerals are selected for compositional mapping. Major elemental and sometimes trace elemental maps are created at high magnification by electron microprobe X-ray mapping to show compositional zonation patterns. Maps of elemental Y, Th, Pb, U have proven useful in identifying compositional domains in monazite.
In general value addition means “any additional activity that in one way or the other change the nature of a product thus adding to its value at the time of sale.” Value addition is an expanding sector in the food processing industry, especially in export markets. Value is added to fish and fishery products depending on the requirement of different markets. Globally a transition period is taking place where cooked products are replacing traditional raw products in consumer preference. "In addition to preservation, fish can be industrially processed into a wide array of products to increase their economic value and allow the fishing industry and exporting countries to reap the full benefits of their aquatic resources. In addition, value processes generate further employment and hard currency earnings. This is more important nowadays because of societal changes that have led to the development of outdoor catering, convenience products and food services requiring fish products ready to eat or requiring little preparation before serving." "However, despite the availability of technology, careful consideration should be given to the economic feasibility aspects, including distribution, marketing, quality assurance and trade barriers, before embarking on a value addition fish process."
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
== Medical use == Thermal pharmaceutical bags are designed to transport temperature-sensitive medications, protecting them from damaging temperatures, shocks, and light. Many vaccines are delicate biological substances that can lose part or all of their effectiveness if they are frozen, allowed to get too hot, or exposed to bright light. Such vaccines must be kept within a specified temperature range, typically 2 to 8 °C (36 to 46 °F), from manufacture to use. According to the World Health Organization, at least 7% of temperature-sensitive medical products suffer significant degradation in potency in transit.
== Technique == The caterpillar was first killed. If it was hairy then it was soaked in alcohol for half an hour before being left to dry out. The rear of the caterpillar was then cut open and the contents of the bowels squeezed out by applying gentle pressure to the outside of the caterpillar. Pressure would be applied, working from the rear towards the front of the caterpillar, until the intestines started to protrude from the cut. Forceps would then be used to pull the intestines from the caterpillar's body which would in turn drag out most of the rest of the caterpillar's innards with them. A straw was then inserted into the cut, and air blown into it while the caterpillar was gently heated in order to dry it. For an experienced practitioner the entire process took about 5 to 6 minutes. Once the caterpillar was dry it was ready to be prepared for mounting. This was done by pushing a loop of wire coated in shellac into the caterpillar via the cut, after which the wire was attached to an entomological pin for mounting in a storage cabinet. Various devices, such as miniature alcohol heated ovens, were developed to apply the technique with different entomologists taking different approaches. A closely related technique was to inject the caterpillar with wax after the organ removal stage.
The Moloney electrode, developed in 1921, is "designed to more accurately and rapidly determine the acidity of bacterial culture broths used in antitoxin and vaccine production." Hermann F. Schott (1904–1986) in his 1933 Ph.D. thesis gave a brief description of the Moloney electrode and its use. At Connaught Laboratories during the 1920s, Moloney dealt with the diphtheria toxin, whose preparation he directed from 1924. With Charles Beecher Weld (1899–1991), he developed the first diphtheria toxoid in North America. Moloney helped to develop a detection test for diphtheria toxin (the "Moloney test") and established methods for the detection and purification of tetanus toxin and contributed to the elucidation of its antigen structure. From 1931 he headed the "Chemistry in Relation to Hygiene" department of the School of Hygiene (dealing with microbiology) of the University of Toronto. He was part of the group that successfully developed methods for producing penicillin on a large scale during WW II. Moloney and co-workers were also able to prepare a polyvalent immune serum against gas gangrene. With Anthony L. Tosoni, he provided the basis for a new method for the production of penicillin in large quantities. Moloney was deputy director of Connaught Laboratories from 1925 until his retirement in 1961, but continued to work for the company as a researcher and consultant into his ninth decade. His last publications in the early 1970s dealt with insulin resistance and insulin as antigen. Moloney held 7 U.S.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
SR9009 is a synthetic REV-ERB agonist used in laboratory research. It is not an approved drug, and its effects in humans are not well characterized. It is often sold as a research chemical under the name Stenabolic.
No. SR9009 targets the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ, not the androgen receptor. This mechanism differs from selective androgen receptor modulators and from exercise mimetics that act on PPARδ.
Published evidence is mainly preclinical, using cell cultures and animal models. Controlled human trials are not well documented in the public literature. Claims about human performance or health effects therefore remain unsupported by robust clinical data.
SR9009 is a synthetic research compound that acts on REV-ERB nuclear receptors. It is not approved for human use and is sold only as a research chemical. Its effects have been studied mainly in cells and rodents.