Everything below concerns circadian rhythm. We keep the language plain, cite what the science says, and separate well-supported claims from open questions.
Updated 2026-01-03. Numbers and descriptions here follow the published literature rather than marketing material.
REV-ERB proteins help regulate daily cycles in gene expression, including genes tied to lipid and glucose metabolism. SR9009 binds these receptors and alters their activity in cell and animal experiments. Consequences observed in rodents include changes in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, blood lipid levels, and exercise performance. The precise chain from receptor occupancy to whole-body effects is still an active area of study. Human responses cannot be assumed from rodent data.
Most published work on SR9009 consists of preclinical studies. It is widely sold as a research chemical, a category that does not imply safety, efficacy, or pharmaceutical-grade quality. Sports anti-doping organizations have listed SR9009 as a prohibited substance, and its presence in an athlete sample can lead to sanctions. Legal status differs by country; in several jurisdictions it is not approved for human consumption and may be treated as an unapproved new drug.
Pharmacokinetic data for SR9009 are limited in published literature. Some reports indicate low oral bioavailability and rapid clearance in animals, which complicates interpretation of exposure and effect. Researchers often use injected routes in preclinical work to achieve measurable systemic levels. Analytical studies rely on mass spectrometry to detect the parent compound and its metabolites. Questions about tissue distribution, active metabolites, and long-term consequences remain open. Species differences in metabolism can affect observed half-life and target engagement.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. These receptors help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In laboratory experiments, SR9009 binds these receptors and alters transcription of genes involved in lipid handling, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function. It is not a naturally occurring compound and has no approved therapeutic use. Research interest stems from its ability to modify energy metabolism in cells and animal models.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Common name | SR9009 | Also referred to as Stenabolic in non-scientific contexts. |
| Chemical class | Synthetic small molecule | Not a steroid or peptide hormone. |
| Receptor target | REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ | Nuclear receptor agonist in preclinical studies. |
| Development status | Investigational | No approved human therapeutic indication. |
| Regulatory attention | Prohibited in sport | Listed by anti-doping authorities. |
SR9009 is often grouped with compounds studied for circadian and metabolic regulation rather than with classical anabolic steroids. Its interactions with nuclear receptors differ from those of androgen receptor ligands, and its proposed mechanisms involve transcriptional control rather than direct hormone signaling. Some sources classify it as a metabolic modulator because of observed effects on energy utilization. The distinction matters for regulation and for interpreting research results across different compound classes.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule developed as a REV-ERB agonist. It binds to REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ, nuclear receptors that help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In cell and animal studies, the compound alters lipid and glucose handling and influences skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. Its exact effects in humans remain largely uncharacterized because controlled clinical trials have not been reported. The molecule is frequently described in preclinical literature as a metabolic modulator.
SR9009 stability depends on temperature, moisture, light, and solvent. Solid material is generally kept cool and dry, while solutions may require protection from repeated warming and cooling. Degradation can appear as color changes, precipitate, or new chromatographic peaks. Researchers should follow supplier instructions and their own stability data. Long-term storage conditions for human use have not been established because the compound lacks approved clinical formulation.
SR9009 is supplied as a solid research chemical, often in milligram quantities. Laboratories typically weigh it in a controlled environment because fine powders can disperse. Stock solutions are commonly prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide and stored in small aliquots to reduce freeze-thaw cycles. Personal protective equipment and chemical fume hoods are standard when handling unknown or potent compounds. These practices address laboratory safety rather than human use.
Identity and purity of SR9009 samples are usually checked with chromatographic and spectrometric methods. High-performance liquid chromatography can separate the compound from related impurities, while mass spectrometry provides molecular mass confirmation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy may be used for structural verification in research settings. No single method proves biological activity, and certificates of analysis should be reviewed alongside raw data. Independent testing is often needed because online products vary widely.
Storage recommendations for SR9009 reference material typically specify a freezer at -20 °C or lower, with protection from moisture and light. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles can degrade small molecules and introduce variability. Stock solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide are often aliquoted to avoid repeated handling. Stability studies may examine degradation under heat, humidity, and light exposure. The compound's thiophene and nitro groups can participate in reactions that alter analytical signals over time, so such changes affect quantitative results.
Quality control for research materials includes identity confirmation by nuclear magnetic resonance and purity assessment by high-performance liquid chromatography. Mass spectrometry provides molecular weight confirmation and can detect related impurities. Purchasers should request a certificate of analysis that lists lot-specific data. Online products advertised for human use often lack such documentation. Distinguishing legitimate research material from mislabeled or contaminated samples is a recurring challenge in independent testing, and independent laboratories may use orthogonal methods to verify identity.
Detection of SR9009 in biological samples usually relies on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. This approach separates the compound from matrix components and identifies it by mass transitions. Because SR9009 can undergo metabolism, laboratories often look for both parent drug and specific metabolites. Sample preparation may involve protein precipitation or solid-phase extraction. Method validation examines sensitivity, carryover, and interference from related substances, and reference standards are required for accurate calibration.
Following the 2014 successful synthesis of seaborgium hexacarbonyl, Sg(CO)6, studies were conducted with the stable transition metals of groups 7–9, suggesting that carbonyl formation could be extended to further probe the chemistries of the early 6d transition metals from rutherfordium to meitnerium inclusive. Nevertheless, the challenges of low half-lives and difficult production, make meitnerium hard to access for chemists, though 278Mt and 276Mt are long-lived enough for chemical research and may be produced in the decay chains of 294Ts and 288Mc respectively. 276Mt is likely more suitable, since producing tennessine requires a rare and rather short-lived berkelium target.270Mt, observed in the decay chain of 278Nh with a half-life of 0.69 second, may also be long-lived enough for chemical investigations, though a direct synthesis route leading to this isotope and more precise measurements of its decay properties would be required.
== People == Ret Chhon (born 1940), former Cambodian cyclist Ret Chol (died 2004), Southern Sudanese politician Ret Kritzon (1979–), American Expert 3D Environment Artist for Video Games Ret Turner (1929–2016), American costume designer
==== Anionic: sulfate, sulfonate, and phosphate, carboxylate derivatives ==== Anionic surfactants contain anionic functional groups at their head, such as sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, and carboxylates. Prominent alkyl sulfates include ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SLS, or SDS), and the related alkyl-ether sulfates sodium laureth sulfate (sodium lauryl ether sulfate or SLES), and sodium myreth sulfate.
=== Norman language === Main articles: Norman language and Cauchois dialect. The legacy of the Norman language is present in the language used by the people of Le Havre, part of which is identified as speaking cauchois. Among the Norman words most used in Le Havre there are: boujou (hello, goodbye), clenche (door handle), morveux (veuse) (child), and bezot (te) (last born).
== Basics of extract preparation == The cell cycle of unfertilized eggs of X. laevis is arrested highly synchronously at metaphase of meiosis II. Upon fertilization, the metaphase arrest is released by the action of Ca2+ ions released from the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby initiating early embryonic cell cycles that alternates S phase (DNA replication) and M phase (mitosis).
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
== Effects on Animals == Calciseptine has been examined in vivo and in vitro in all kinds of animals, but mostly in rats. Calciseptine relaxes precontracted rat (thoracic) aorta and decreases blood pressure drastically. The decrease in blood pressure shows a combination of short- and long-lasting effects. The early, acute onset took five minutes, and the effect could last for 120 minutes or longer. In addition, calciseptine had only a small effect on the heart rhythm, changing it only slightly. Furthermore, it can also relax the trachea rings in the lungs. These effects can be explained by the relaxing activity of calciseptine on various smooth muscle cells. The inhibitory effect of calciseptine results in a decreased or total disappearance of electric activity in these cells. The total inhibitory effect depends on the tissue: the cardiovascular system is the most vulnerable, while neuronal cells are less vulnerable and skeletal muscle cells are completely resistant. This difference in tissue sensitivity is probably caused by slight differences in the L-type calcium channels in these tissues. These effects can occur at low subjected amounts of 0.1 till 1 μM calciseptine. In mouse myotube the Ca2+ currents show higher amplitude after incubation in calciseptine (1 μM). This effect of calciseptine on the Ca2+ current develops relatively fast. Calciseptine changes the reversal potential of the Ca2+ current in mouse myotubes. In adult frog skeletal muscle fibers calciseptine also causes an increased Ca2+ current.
Mixed ligand complexes are common for amino acids. Well known examples include [Co(en)2(glycinate)]2+, where en (ethylenediamine) is a spectator ligand. In the area of organometallic complexes, one example is the half-sandwich complex Cp*Ir(κ3-methionine).
Dual-link DVI signals can only be produced by converting from native DisplayPort output signals with an active conversion device. Unavailable on USB-C – The DisplayPort Alternate Mode specification for sending DisplayPort signals over a USB-C cable does not include support for the dual-mode protocol. As a result, DP-to-DVI and DP-to-HDMI passive adapters do not function when chained from a USB-C to DP adapter.
Acad. Sci. USA. Thomas Cech (b. 1947). American biochemist at the University of Colorado, famous for discovering catalytic properties of RNA. Member Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. Nobel prize in chemistry, along with Sidney Altman, in 1989. Howard Cedar (b. 1943). Israeli American biochemist at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, working on DNA methylation, awarded the Israel Prize in Biology in 1999. Member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
== Instrumentation and Performance == Initially the digital ion trap was constructed in form of a 3D ion trap, where the drive signal was fed to the ring electrode of the trap. Instead of scanning up the RF voltage, in the DIT, the frequency of the rectangular waveform signal is scanned down during a forward mass scan. This avoided the high voltage breakdown which set the upper limitation of a mass scan. Mass range of DIT up to 18,000 Th was demonstrated by use of an atmospheric MALDI ion source and was later expanded to cover m/z of a singly charged antibody at about 900,000 Th by Koichi Tanaka etc. The MOSFET switch circuit is responsible to provide the rectangular wave drive signal. The drive circuit of DIT is much compact compared to the RF generator with LC resonator circuit used for conventional sinusoidal wave ion trap. It also provides the capability of fast start up and fast termination of the waveform, which enables injection and ejection of ion with high efficiency. A field adjusting electrode placed adjacent to the entrance end-cap and biased with certain dc voltages helped to achieve good mass resolution for both forward and reverse mass scans, as well as for precursor isolation. With trapping voltage of +/- 1kV, a zoom scan resolving power of 19,000 was demonstrated.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
==== March 2024 ==== On 4 March, a Hezbollah anti-tank missile strike on Margaliot resulted in seven injuries as well as the death of an Indian national. The next day, an Israeli airstrike on Hula, in retaliation for the previous day's strike on Margaliot, killed three Lebanese citizens, a married couple and their child. Amongst the three killed, Hezbollah announced two as their members. On 9 March, five people, including three Hezbollah members, were killed and at least nine others were wounded in an IDF strike on a house in Khirbet Selm. In retaliation, the next day Hezbollah fired 37 Katyusha rockets at the Mount Meron in northern Israel; no injuries were reported.
Gingras has published > 200 articles that have been cited > 35,000 times (Google Scholar; Feb 2020). In 2011, Gingras was named one of Canada's Top 100 Most Powerful Women. In 2015, Gingras was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Her work on interaction proteomics, was awarded, alongside John Yates, the Discovery Award in Proteomics from the Human Proteome Organization (2019). She also received the Jeanne Manery Fisher Memorial Lecture award at the 2019 meeting of the Canadian Society for Molecular Biosciences.
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}a[{\text{Bq/g}}]&={\frac {4.17\times 10^{23}[{\text{mol}}^{-1}]}{t_{1/2}[{\text{year}}]\times 365\times 24\times 60\times 60[{\text{s/year}}]\times M}}\\[1ex]&\approx {\frac {1.32\times 10^{16}[{\text{mol}}^{-1}{\cdot }{\text{s}}^{-1}{\cdot }{\text{year}}]}{t_{1/2}[{\text{year}}]\times M[{\text{g/mol}}]}}.\end{aligned}}}
D-Phenylalanine (DPA, D-Phe), sold under the brand names Deprenon, Sabiben, and Sabiden, is an enantiomer of phenylalanine which is described as an antidepressant and is marketed as a prescription drug for medical use in Argentina. The medication has been marketed since at least the 1970s and continued to be available by the 2000s. D-Phenylalanine has been found to act as an enkephalinase inhibitor, an inhibitor of enkephalinase enzymes that break down endogenous opioid peptides called enkephalins. It has been found to produce anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-craving effects in animal studies.
=== Kosovo === → : Kosovar in Serbia Kosovo is still only a partially recognised state and the government of Serbia still claims the territory as its own. Due to Serbian refusal of Kosovo institutions, Serbs in North Kosovo act independently in sport. For example, the Football First League of North Kosovo was primarily formed of Serbian clubs from four of North Kosovo's municipalities. Both governments agreed upon creating a Community of Serb Municipalities. In 2016, Kosovo became the 55th member of UEFA, and therefore Football Federation of Kosovo's Football Superleague of Kosovo became a recognised independent league. From 2010 to 2015, the Football First League of North Kosovo was the top football regional league in North Kosovo, ranked fifth in the Serbian league system. The league was formed primarily of Serbian football clubs that come from four of North Kosovo's municipalities such as Leposavić, Zvečan, Zubin Potok and Northern Kosovska Mitrovica. The league was formed in protest to the establishment of the Kosovo Super League by the Republic of Kosovo; the Serbian clubs from North Kosovo refuse to enter the Republic of Kosovo's institutions as per the Assembly of the Community of Municipalities of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
It is a synthetic compound studied as an agonist of REV-ERB nuclear receptors. It is not an approved medicine and has mainly been examined in laboratory and animal research.
No. It is a small molecule that binds nuclear receptors involved in circadian regulation. Its classification differs from anabolic steroids or peptide hormones.
Published human clinical trial data are lacking. Most safety and activity information comes from preclinical models, so effects in people remain uncertain.
It is a synthetic research compound that activates REV-ERB nuclear receptors. It is not an approved drug or dietary supplement. Most information comes from cell and animal studies.