SR9009 is one of those subjects where the details matter more than the headlines. This page pulls together the background, the mechanisms, and the practical points readers ask about most.
Updated 2026-01-16. Numbers and descriptions here follow the published literature rather than marketing material.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule that acts on the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. These receptors are part of the circadian clock machinery and normally repress transcription of certain target genes. In laboratory research, SR9009 is used as a chemical tool to study how REV-ERB activity influences metabolism, inflammation, and daily biological rhythms. The compound is not an approved medicine, and its effects in humans remain largely uncharacterized. It is often described as an investigational agent rather than a therapeutic product.
REV-ERB proteins typically suppress gene expression by recruiting corepressor complexes to DNA response elements. SR9009 binds these receptors and strengthens that repressive action in cell-based assays. Studies in rodents have reported changes in lipid handling, mitochondrial function, and exercise capacity after treatment. Such findings are often cited as evidence for metabolic effects, but species differences and limited pharmacokinetic data make direct translation to humans uncertain. Researchers continue to examine which effects are robust and which depend on specific experimental conditions.
SR9009 is frequently discussed alongside other REV-ERB ligands, including synthetic agonists and natural heme-related molecules. Its selectivity for REV-ERB over related nuclear receptors has been measured in binding and reporter assays, though off-target activity at higher concentrations is possible. The compound is prohibited in sport by the World Anti-Doping Agency, and it is not approved for any medical use in major jurisdictions. Products sold online may be labeled as research chemicals, and their identity and purity are not guaranteed by regulatory review.
SR9009 binds REV-ERB receptors and alters their repressive activity on target genes. This action can change transcription of genes involved in lipid handling, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function. In rodent studies, treated animals have shown changes in muscle oxidative capacity and exercise performance, though effects vary by dose, duration, and model. The precise molecular steps connecting receptor binding to whole-body outcomes are still an active area of investigation. Findings in animals do not automatically translate to humans.
Because REV-ERB receptors are core clock components, SR9009 has been examined for effects on daily rhythms as well as metabolism. Research has explored whether the compound can shift or reinforce circadian gene expression in tissues such as liver and muscle. Some studies report improved metabolic markers in obese or diabetic mice, while others show context-dependent responses. Questions remain about which effects are direct, which are secondary to timing, and how they might differ across species.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of REV-ERB nuclear receptors. REV-ERB alpha and REV-ERB beta help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In laboratory research, SR9009 has been used to probe how these receptors affect skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. The compound was identified in academic drug-discovery work and is often described in scientific literature by its chemical name and research code. It is not an approved medicine, and human clinical data remain limited or absent.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Common name | SR9009 | Also marketed informally as Stenabolic |
| Chemical class | Synthetic REV-ERB agonist | Binds REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ |
| Molecular formula | C24H30ClN3O4S | Approximate molecular weight 492 g/mol |
| CAS Registry Number | 1379686-30-2 | Identifier for the parent compound |
| Regulatory status | Not approved for human use | Prohibited in sport by WADA |
Analytical identification of SR9009 typically relies on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. In biological samples, researchers first separate the compound from matrix components using protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, or solid-phase extraction. High-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can support structural confirmation of reference materials. Because SR9009 is a small, relatively lipophilic molecule, reverse-phase columns and acidic mobile phases are common. Laboratories often include isotope-labeled internal standards to improve quantification and to correct for ion suppression.
Stability depends on physical form, temperature, light exposure, and solvent. Solid SR9009 is generally stored cold and dry, with protection from light to limit degradation. Dimethyl sulfoxide stocks are common for laboratory work, but repeated freeze-thaw cycles can reduce compound integrity. Aqueous solutions may be less stable than organic stocks, and the ethyl ester in the structure can be susceptible to hydrolysis under certain conditions. Researchers typically validate storage conditions and recheck purity before quantitative experiments, especially when using archived material.
Regulatory treatment of SR9009 varies by country and region. It is not approved as a pharmaceutical, and several jurisdictions restrict its sale for human consumption. Some authorities classify it as a research chemical, a prescription-only substance, or a prohibited performance-enhancing agent in sport. Purchasers may encounter certificates of analysis, but these documents do not guarantee identity, purity, or legality. In research settings, institutional safety reviews and controlled procurement help ensure that materials are handled under appropriate oversight. The absence of harmonized rules means that legal status can change and requires verification.
Research interest in SR9009 grew from studies of circadian biology and metabolic disease. Preclinical reports describe effects on exercise capacity, muscle metabolism, and blood lipid levels in rodents, but these findings come from controlled laboratory settings. The compound has low oral bioavailability in animals, which limits systemic exposure after swallowing. Investigators often use injected routes in experiments to achieve measurable plasma concentrations. Human clinical data are sparse, no approved therapeutic product exists, and whether animal effects translate to humans remains an open question.
Regulatory and sporting contexts treat SR9009 as a prohibited substance in many elite competitions. Its presence on banned lists reflects concerns about performance enhancement and unknown long-term safety. Analytical chemists have developed methods to detect the parent compound and its metabolites in urine and blood. Literature discussions distinguish between in vitro potency, animal pharmacology, and anecdotal human reports. The latter are difficult to verify because products sold online may lack purity or contain different compounds.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. These receptors help regulate circadian rhythms, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory gene expression. In cell and animal experiments, SR9009 alters transcription of clock-controlled genes and metabolic pathways. The compound is not a hormone and does not resemble classical steroid structures. Its activity depends on binding to the ligand-binding domain of REV-ERB, where it can modify corepressor recruitment.
Another notable CJNG defection was self-proclaimed El Mencho loyalist José Bernabé Brizuela Meraz, alias "La Vaca", who was presumed to now be head of the smaller Mezcales, also known as Cartel Independiente de Colima. By this point in time, Mezcales, which previously acted as the CJNG's local enforcers, were no longer affiliated with CJNG. In February 2023, the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation dismissed Jalisco-based federal magistrate judge Isidro Avelar Gutiérrez y Roberto Sandoval Castañeda from his judicial duties as a result of his ties to the CJNG.
Skyline is an open source software for targeted proteomics and metabolomics data analysis. It runs on Microsoft Windows and supports the raw data formats from multiple mass spectrometric vendors. It contains a graphical user interface to display chromatographic data for individual peptide or small molecule analytes. Skyline supports multiple workflows including selected reaction monitoring (SRM) / multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), data-independent acquisition (DIA/SWATH) and targeted data-dependent acquisition.
BRD-6929, also widely known as "compound 60" (Cpd-60 or Cmpd60), is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor which is used in scientific research. It has been described in the past as the prototypical selective HDAC1 and HDAC2 inhibitor. However, subsequent findings suggest that BRD-6929 may not actually be selective for HDAC1 and HDAC2 over HDAC3.
Hogan, C.Michael (2010). "Laurus Nobilis L." Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2010-12-30. MeSH: Laurus – Laurus nobilis (Bay Laurel) PubMed search: "Laurus"[MAJR] Laurus nobilis – Israel Wildflowers and native plants
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
=== Clinical trials === The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved galcanezumab based on evidence from three clinical trials (Trial 1/NCT02614183, Trial 2/NCT02614196, and Trial 3/NCT02614261) in 2156 adults 18 to 65 years of age with chronic or episodic migraine headaches. Trials were conducted at 318 sites in Asia, Canada, Europe, Israel, Latin America, Puerto Rico, and the United States. Trials one and two enrolled participants with a history of episodic migraine headaches. Participants were assigned to receive galcanezumab or placebo injections once a month for six months. Neither the participants nor the health care providers knew which treatment was being given until after the trial was completed. The benefit of galcanezumab was assessed based on the change from baseline in the number of migraine days per month during the six-month treatment period, comparing participants in the galcanezumab and placebo groups. In two studies involving 1,784 participants who had migraines between 4 and 14 days a month, those treated with galcanezumab had four or five fewer days with migraines per month, compared with two to three fewer days for participants on a placebo injection. Trial three enrolled participants with a history of chronic migraine headaches. Participants were assigned to receive galcanezumab or placebo injection once a month for three months. Neither the participants nor the health care providers knew which treatment was being given until after the trial was completed.
The thyroid gland received its modern name in the 1600s, when the anatomist Thomas Wharton likened its shape to that of an Ancient Greek shield or thyos. However, the existence of the gland, and of the diseases associated with it, was known long before then.
== Plot == In 1982, French President François Mitterrand launches an anonymous international competition to design a monumental building on the historic axis linking the Louvre and the Arc de Triomphe. To general surprise, the winning entry comes not from one of the world's major architectural firms but from Johan Otto von Spreckelsen, a 53-year-old architecture teacher from Copenhagen who is unknown in France and has previously built only a handful of structures, including his own house and three small chapels. Overnight, von Spreckelsen is put in charge of the largest building project of the era, the Grande Arche de la Défense, which he affectionately calls his "cube". Determined to see the structure built exactly as he first envisioned it, he clashes repeatedly with the realities of French bureaucracy, represented chiefly by project administrator Jean-Louis Subileau, and with the pragmatic French architect Paul Andreu, who is brought in to oversee the building's technical execution. His uncompromising attachment to his original design, including a marble cladding that proves both structurally troublesome and hugely expensive, increasingly isolates him from the project's engineers and financiers. When the 1986 legislative elections bring a new, right-wing government to power in cohabitation with Mitterrand, the political backing that had protected von Spreckelsen evaporates. The film ends on a bleak note: worn down by the years-long conflict, von Spreckelsen dies before the Grande Arche is completed, which is inaugurated two years later.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (EC 1.11.1.9) is the general name of an enzyme family with peroxidase activity whose main biological role is to protect the organism from oxidative damage. The biochemical function of glutathione peroxidase is to reduce lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols and to reduce free hydrogen peroxide to water. Glutathione peroxidase was discovered in 1957 by Gordon C. Mills.
The following is a partial list of the "E" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). This list continues the information at the List of MeSH codes (E04). Codes following these are found in the List of MeSH codes (E06). For other MeSH codes, see List of MeSH codes. The source for this content is the set of 2006 MeSH Trees from the NLM.
== C == CAICISS – Coaxial impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy CARS – Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy CBED – Convergent beam electron diffraction CCM – Charge collection microscopy CDI – Coherent diffraction imaging CE – Capillary electrophoresis CET – Cryo-electron tomography CL – Cathodoluminescence CLSM – Confocal laser scanning microscopy COSY – Correlation spectroscopy Cryo-EM – Cryo-electron microscopy Cryo-SEM – Cryo-scanning electron microscopy CV – Cyclic voltammetry
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Sources: en.wikipedia.org
SR9009 is a synthetic research compound that binds and modulates the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is used in laboratory studies of circadian biology and metabolism, not as an approved medicine. It is also known by the informal name Stenabolic.
No. SR9009 has not been approved as a therapeutic drug in the United States, European Union, or other major markets. Human safety and efficacy data are very limited. Its presence in consumer products does not imply regulatory approval.
The World Anti-Doping Agency lists SR9009 as a prohibited substance because it can alter gene expression and metabolic pathways relevant to performance. The ban applies at all times, not only during competition. Detection relies on laboratory methods such as mass spectrometry.
SR9009 is a synthetic research compound that acts on REV-ERB nuclear receptors. It is not approved for human use and is sold only as a research chemical. Its effects have been studied mainly in cells and rodents.