DMSO stock comes up often in conversation and rarely with the context attached. Here we lay out the basics in order, then work through the practical considerations.
Last reviewed on 2026-04-10. Where a claim depends on a specific study, the study is described rather than over-claimed.
Analytical identification and purity assessment often use high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection or mass spectrometry. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry is used to detect and quantify SR9009 in biological matrices, including urine and blood, for anti-doping or pharmacokinetic studies. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can confirm molecular structure. Stability depends on form and storage: the solid is generally more stable than solutions, and repeated freeze–thaw cycles may degrade samples. Purity is typically reported as a percentage from a certificate of analysis.
Regulatory treatment of SR9009 varies by country and context. It is not approved as a therapeutic drug by agencies such as the United States Food and Drug Administration or the European Medicines Agency. Sports authorities list it as a prohibited substance; the World Anti-Doping Agency classifies it among hormone and metabolic modulators. Legal status for personal possession or sale differs across jurisdictions, and some countries may restrict it under analog or research chemical laws. Buyers who seek verified material often rely on independent laboratory testing because online product labels may not match contents.
Laboratory identification of SR9009 typically relies on chromatographic separation coupled to mass spectrometry, often with ultraviolet detection as a secondary check. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can confirm molecular structure when a reference standard is available. Because many suppliers sell the compound as a research chemical, independent identity testing is important for experimental reproducibility. A single retention time is not sufficient proof of identity, especially when related compounds may be present. Purity assessments usually report a percentage based on area normalization.
SR9009 is generally described as poorly soluble in water and more soluble in organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol. Stock solutions are commonly prepared in an organic solvent before dilution into an aqueous buffer or vehicle. Precipitation can occur if the organic fraction is reduced too quickly or if the final concentration exceeds the compound's solubility limit. Sonication or gentle warming may aid dissolution in some protocols, but excessive heat can promote degradation. Container material and pH can also influence observed solubility.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White to off-white powder | Common supplier description |
| Solubility | Soluble in DMSO and ethanol | Low solubility in water |
| Typical storage | −20 °C, desiccated, dark | For research samples |
| Analytical method | LC-MS/MS | Used for detection and quantification |
| Regulatory status | Prohibited in sport | WADA metabolic modulator class |
At the molecular level, SR9009 binds REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ and alters their repressive activity on target genes. These nuclear receptors help regulate the circadian clock, lipid synthesis, glucose metabolism, and inflammatory pathways. By changing transcription, the compound can shift the timing or magnitude of downstream metabolic processes in model systems. It does not act through androgen receptors or adenosine receptors, which distinguishes it from several substances sold for athletic performance. Whether the same transcriptional changes occur in humans at tolerable exposures remains an open question because controlled human studies are lacking.
Preclinical reports describe effects on exercise endurance, mitochondrial content, and lipid profiles in rodents, but these findings come from specific experimental conditions. Many studies use high doses or delivery methods that may not translate directly to human use. SR9009 has been reported to have low oral bioavailability and a short half-life, which complicates interpretation of oral dosing studies. It is not established as safe or effective for any indication. Literature discussions often separate its pharmacological mechanism from unverified claims made in fitness and supplement markets.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is not an approved medicine and has no established human therapeutic use. The compound appears in scientific literature as a tool for probing circadian and metabolic regulation. Online sellers often label it as a research chemical, sometimes using the nickname Stenabolic. Its chemical identity is distinct from selective androgen receptor modulators, stimulants, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonists. Researchers use it mainly in cell and animal experiments.
Handling recommendations for SR9009 in a laboratory setting include storing the solid at low temperature, protected from light and moisture. The compound is often dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide or ethanol for experiments. Solutions should be prepared with appropriate personal protective equipment and disposed of according to local rules. Stability data for long-term storage are limited, so stock solutions are typically kept cold and used within defined periods. Records of preparation date and concentration support reproducibility.
SR9009 is not approved as a medicine by major regulatory agencies. It is commonly sold as a research chemical, a category that may fall outside customary drug approval and quality rules. In sports, the World Anti-Doping Agency lists SR9009 as a prohibited substance. Athletes who use it can face sanctions if it is detected in a sample. Legal status varies by country, and importation may be restricted. Enforcement practices differ across borders.
Detection of SR9009 in biological samples usually employs liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. This method can identify the parent compound and sometimes metabolites in urine or blood. Because exposure can be low and clearance may be rapid, sample timing and limits of detection matter. Laboratories validate assays for sensitivity and specificity. Results are interpreted alongside chain-of-custody and quality-control records. Urine is the common matrix for anti-doping analysis, while blood may be used in research settings.
At the molecular level, SR9009 binds the ligand-binding domain of REV-ERB and strengthens recruitment of corepressor proteins such as NCoR and HDAC3. This increases repression of target genes, including Bmal1 and other clock-controlled and metabolic genes. In rodent studies, such changes have been linked to altered lipid handling, glucose metabolism, and energy expenditure. The precise chain of events between receptor binding and whole-body effects remains an active area of research. Findings in animals do not automatically translate to humans.
Laboratory studies often administer SR9009 by injection because oral absorption appears poor in rodents. Reported pharmacokinetic properties include rapid metabolism and low systemic exposure after oral dosing. Human pharmacokinetic data are sparse, so absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in people are not well defined. Some research explores related REV-ERB compounds with improved drug-like properties. Regulatory approval for any REV-ERB agonist as a human medicine has not been granted to date.
== Eigenschaften == (−)-α-Bisabolol ist eine farblose bis schwach gelbliche, viskose Flüssigkeit, die unlöslich in Wasser, aber leicht löslich in Alkoholen und Ölen ist. Ihr Geruch wird als schwach blumig-süßlich beschrieben.
== Wirkung und Verwendung == Bisabolol wirkt entzündungshemmend auf Haut und Schleimhäute, es wird zur Hautregeneration und Wundheilung beispielsweise nach Verbrennungen oder Sonnenbrand verwendet. Diese Wirkungen wurden sowohl für den enantiomerenreinen Naturstoff wie auch für das synthetisch zugängliche Racemat beschrieben.
Die chemische Struktur gibt den Aufbau auf molekularer oder ionischer Ebene eines einheitlichen (homogenen) Stoffes wieder. Sie gibt an, aus welchen Atomen, Atomgruppen, Ionen und Bindungen bzw. freie Elektronenpaaren der Stoff zusammengesetzt ist und wie diese räumlich angeordnet sind. Sie liefert dadurch mehr Information als die Summenformel oder eine der verschiedenen Schreibweisen. Im Einzelnen beschreiben die Konstitution, Konfiguration und Konformation den Aufbau molekularer und ein Kristallgitter den Aufbau ionischer Verbindungen. Zu ihrer Darstellung werden verschiedene chemische Formeln und Modelle, wie Kalottenmodelle oder Kugel-Stab-Modelle, verwendet. Information über die Struktur einer Verbindung ist oft, entsprechend den Regeln der chemischen Nomenklatur, auch in ihrem Namen enthalten. Moderne Datenbanken arbeiten hingegen mit eindeutigen Strukturcodes wie InChI, SMILES oder WLN. Mit der Aufklärung der chemischen Struktur beschäftigt sich die Strukturchemie. Für die Biologie relevant ist vor allem die Struktur-Wirkungsbeziehung.
Sources: de.wikipedia.org
Die Struktur kristalliner Substanzen kann vor allem mit Beugungsmethoden bestimmt werden. Je nachdem ob Röntgen-, Elektronen- oder Neutronenstrahlen gebeugt werden, sind das die Methoden Röntgendiffraktometrie bzw. Röntgenbeugung Elektronenbeugung und Neutronenbeugung Zur Bestimmung der Struktur in Flüssigkeiten, Gasen und amorphen Festkörper eignen sich die Methoden NMR-Spektroskopie Massenspektrometrie Schwingungsspektroskopie, vor allem Infrarot- und Raman-Spektroskopie UV-Spektroskopie die Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie, insbesondere die EXAFS-Spektroskopie, die z. B. die Bestimmung der Entfernung von Nachbaratomen erlaubt. Einige Methoden werden vor allem zur Bestimmung der chemischen Zusammensetzung von Oberflächen benutzt. Sie können aber auch zur Untersuchung von Festkörperstrukturen dienen: Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie (XPS) und Augerelektronenspektroskopie (AES).
Sources: de.wikipedia.org
Legality depends on the country and the intended use. In many places it is sold as a research chemical, but sports and medicine regulations restrict it.
Detection commonly uses liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. This method can identify the compound in urine or blood at low concentrations.
Typical guidance is −20 °C, dry, and protected from light. Solutions should be aliquoted and limited freeze–thaw cycles should be used.
Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry is a common approach. Ultraviolet detection and nuclear magnetic resonance can support identification when suitable standards are available.